Autophagy is an essential, evolutionarily conserved mechanism that ensures damaged or unnecessary cellular components are broken down and recycled. This process is particularly enhanced during fasting periods: temporary nutrient deprivation sends a strong signal to the cells to cleanse themselves and initiate regenerative processes.

How does autophagy work?

  1. Signal transmission and activation
    During fasting, the mTOR signaling pathway – a key inhibitor of autophagy – is downregulated. At the same time, an increase in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activates the process. The combination of mTOR inhibition and AMPK activation puts the cells into a “cleansing mode.”
    [see Longo & Panda, 2016]

  2. Formation of autophagosomes
    In this state, so-called autophagosomes form – specialized vesicles that selectively enclose damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and other cellular waste products. These then fuse with lysosomes, whose enzymes break down the contents and convert them into reusable molecules.

  3. Recovery and recycling
    The breakdown of cellular components releases essential building blocks such as amino acids and fatty acids, which the cell can use for energy production or rebuilding new components. In this way, autophagy significantly contributes to cellular homeostasis.
    [see Mizushima & Komatsu, 2011]

Why is autophagy so important?

Cell health and regeneration
The continuous removal of damaged cellular components prevents their accumulation – a central protective mechanism, especially against neurodegenerative diseases. The cell remains efficient and resilient to stress.

Protection against oxidative stress and inflammation
By breaking down defective structures, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is reduced. This lowers oxidative stress and can long-term mitigate inflammatory processes in the body.

Promotion of longevity
Studies suggest that regular activation of autophagy – for example, through controlled fasting periods – has positive effects on cellular aging, regeneration, and overall quality of life. The continuous renewal process reduces the risk of chronic diseases and enhances the body’s natural repair capacity.

Autophagy in the context of fasting

Fasting is more than simply abstaining from food – it is an active biological process that stimulates the body’s self-repair mechanisms. Temporary nutrient deprivation during fasting:

  • Promotes the removal of defective cellular components,

  • Enables the formation of new, functional cellular components,

  • Optimizes metabolism and contributes to improved health.

These processes not only maintain cell health but also lay the foundation for long-term well-being – an approach supported by VIDA SUISSE as an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.

Sources:

Longo, V. D. & Panda, S. (2016): Fasting, Circadian Rhythms, and Time-Restricted Feeding in Healthy Lifespan

Mizushima, N. & Komatsu, M. (2011): Autophagy: Renovation of Cells and Tissues